| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision |
| gemini_-_pcbs_lists [2025/05/29 21:29] – nefcadmin | gemini_-_pcbs_lists [2025/05/29 22:09] (current) – nefcadmin |
|---|
| | CB138 | 6.83 | Low | High Log Kow, strong adsorption to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref35|35]], [[#ref62|62]] | | | CB138 | 6.83 | Low | High Log Kow, strong adsorption to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref35|35]], [[#ref62|62]] | |
| | CB118 | 6.74 | Moderate-Low | Moderate Log Kow, tendency to partition to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[#ref62|62]] | | | CB118 | 6.74 | Moderate-Low | Moderate Log Kow, tendency to partition to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[#ref62|62]] | |
| | CB101 | 6.38 | Moderate | Lower Log Kow compared to heavier congeners, relatively higher water solubility; uptake via partitioning from air/water into food chains [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref43|43]], [[#ref62|62]] | | | CB101 | 6.38 | Moderate | Lower Log Kow compared to heavier congeners, relatively higher water solubility; uptake via partitioning from air/water into food chains [[#ref8|8]], [[##ref43|43]], [[#ref62|62]] | |
| | CB52 | 5.84 | High | Lower Log Kow, relatively higher water solubility; higher bioaccessibility from sediment than CB153; can be taken up by small organisms [[#ref2|2]], [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref32|32]], [[#ref62|62]] | | | CB52 | 5.84 | High | Lower Log Kow, relatively higher water solubility; higher bioaccessibility from sediment than CB153; can be taken up by small organisms [[#ref2|2]], [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref32|32]], [[#ref62|62]] | |
| | CB28 | 5.67 | Highest | Lowest Log Kow, highest water solubility among the monitored congeners; implied high bioavailability to green algae [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref52|52]], [[#ref62|62]] | | | CB28 | 5.67 | Highest | Lowest Log Kow, highest water solubility among the monitored congeners; implied high bioavailability to green algae [[#ref8|8]], [[#ref52|52]], [[#ref62|62]] | |
| ===== References ===== | ===== References ===== |
| |
| <wrap #ref1 /> 1 OSPAR Commission. (2009). //OSPAR Background Document on PCBs.// Publication Number 423/2009. | <wrap #ref1/> 1. OSPAR Commission. (2009). //OSPAR Background Document on PCBs.// Publication Number 423/2009. |
| |
| <wrap #ref2 /> 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2000). //Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).// U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. | <wrap #ref2/> 2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2000). //Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).// U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. |
| |
| <wrap #ref3 /> 3 Erickson, M. D., & Kaley, R. G. (2011). Applications of polychlorinated biphenyls. //Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 18//(2), 135-151. | <wrap #ref3/> 3. Erickson, M. D., & Kaley, R. G. (2011). Applications of polychlorinated biphenyls. //Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 18//(2), 135-151. |
| |
| <wrap #ref4 /> 4 Breivik, K., Czub, G., McLachlan, M. S., Wania, F., & Corrigan, B. P. (2010). Towards a global mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. //Environmental Pollution, 158//(3), 675-681. | <wrap #ref4/> 4. Breivik, K., Czub, G., McLachlan, M. S., Wania, F., & Corrigan, B. P. (2010). Towards a global mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. //Environmental Pollution, 158//(3), 675-681. |
| |
| <wrap #ref5 /> 5 UNEP. (2010). //UNEP/POPS/COP.5/INF/16: Guidance on the Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).// United Nations Environment Programme. | <wrap #ref5/> 5. UNEP. (2010). //UNEP/POPS/COP.5/INF/16: Guidance on the Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).// United Nations Environment Programme. |
| |
| <wrap #ref6 /> 6 Frame, G. M. (1997). A canine perspective on the analysis of PCBs. //Chemosphere, 34//(11-12), 2241-2252. | <wrap #ref6/> 6. Frame, G. M. (1997). A canine perspective on the analysis of PCBs. //Chemosphere, 34//(11-12), 2241-2252. |
| |
| <wrap #ref7 /> 7 OSPAR Commission. (2010). //OSPAR Recommendation 2010/2 on the Reduction of Emissions and Discharges of PCBs.// | <wrap #ref7/> 7. OSPAR Commission. (2010). //OSPAR Recommendation 2010/2 on the Reduction of Emissions and Discharges of PCBs.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref8 /> 8 Safe, S. (1994). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment. //Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 24//(2), 87-149. | <wrap #ref8/> 8. Safe, S. (1994). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment. //Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 24//(2), 87-149. |
| |
| <wrap #ref9 /> 9 Kimbrough, R. D. (1995). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and human health: an update. //Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 25//(2), 133-163. | <wrap #ref9/> 9. Kimbrough, R. D. (1995). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and human health: an update. //Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 25//(2), 133-163. |
| |
| <wrap #ref10 /> 10 Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2019). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2017: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// | <wrap #ref10/> 10. Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2019). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2017: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref11 /> 11 Wania, F., & Mackay, D. (1999). The global distribution of persistent organic chemicals. //Science, 284//(5423), 2091-2097. | <wrap #ref11/> 11. Wania, F., & Mackay, D. (1999). The global distribution of persistent organic chemicals. //Science, 284//(5423), 2091-2097. |
| |
| <wrap #ref12 /> 12 Lohmann, R., & Jones, K. C. (1998). Dioxins and furans in the Arctic: a review. //Science of The Total Environment, 217//(1-2), 1-17. | <wrap #ref12/> 12. Lohmann, R., & Jones, K. C. (1998). Dioxins and furans in the Arctic: a review. //Science of The Total Environment, 217//(1-2), 1-17. |
| |
| <wrap #ref13 /> 13 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). (2009). //AMAP Assessment 2009: Human Health in the Arctic.// | <wrap #ref13/> 13. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). (2009). //AMAP Assessment 2009: Human Health in the Arctic.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref14 /> 14 Ross, P. S. (2006). Fireproof killer whales (Orcinus orca): flame retardant chemicals and the conservation imperative in an apex marine predator. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 114//(Suppl 1), 114-118. | <wrap #ref14/> 14. Ross, P. S. (2006). Fireproof killer whales (Orcinus orca): flame retardant chemicals and the conservation imperative in an apex marine predator. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 114//(Suppl 1), 114-118. |
| |
| <wrap #ref15 /> 15 Marine Management Organisation. (n.d.). //About us.// Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/marine-management-organisation/about | <wrap #ref15/> 15. Marine Management Organisation. (n.d.). //About us.// Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/marine-management-organisation/about |
| |
| <wrap #ref16 /> 16 Marine Management Organisation. (n.d.). //Open data and data sharing.// Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/marine-management-organisation/about/our-governance#open-data-and-data-sharing | <wrap #ref16/> 16. Marine Management Organisation. (n.d.). //Open data and data sharing.// Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/marine-management-organisation/about/our-governance#open-data-and-data-sharing |
| |
| <wrap #ref17 /> 17 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). (2010). //Charting Progress 5: An assessment of the health of UK seas.// | <wrap #ref17/> 17. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). (2010). //Charting Progress 5: An assessment of the health of UK seas.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref18 /> 18 OSPAR Commission. (2017). //OSPAR Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (CEMP) Assessment of PCBs in Biota and Sediments.// | <wrap #ref18/> 18. OSPAR Commission. (2017). //OSPAR Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (CEMP) Assessment of PCBs in Biota and Sediments.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref19 /> 19 Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2020). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2018: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// | <wrap #ref19/> 19. Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2020). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2018: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref20 /> 20 European Commission. (2000). //Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework Directive).// | <wrap #ref20/> 20. European Commission. (2000). //Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework Directive).// |
| |
| <wrap #ref21 /> 21 OSPAR Commission. (2008). //OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic.// | <wrap #ref21/> 21. OSPAR Commission. (2008). //OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref22 /> 22 Kallenborn, R., & Schlabach, M. (2009). //Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic: An Overview.// Norwegian Institute for Air Research. | <wrap #ref22/> 22. Kallenborn, R., & Schlabach, M. (2009). //Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic: An Overview.// Norwegian Institute for Air Research. |
| |
| <wrap #ref23 /> 23 Tanabe, S. (1988). PCB problems in the future: foresight from current knowledge. //Environmental Pollution, 50//(1-2), 1-18. | <wrap #ref23/> 23. Tanabe, S. (1988). PCB problems in the future: foresight from current knowledge. //Environmental Pollution, 50//(1-2), 1-18. |
| |
| <wrap #ref24 /> 24 OSPAR Commission. (2014). //OSPAR Recommendation 2014/1 on the OSPAR List of Substances of Priority Action.// | <wrap #ref24/> 24. OSPAR Commission. (2014). //OSPAR Recommendation 2014/1 on the OSPAR List of Substances of Priority Action.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref25 /> 25 UNEP. (2009). //Guidance for the inventory of PCB containing equipment and the preparation of plans for the elimination of PCBs.// | <wrap #ref25/> 25. UNEP. (2009). //Guidance for the inventory of PCB containing equipment and the preparation of plans for the elimination of PCBs.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref26 /> 26 OSPAR Commission. (2007). //OSPAR Strategy for Hazardous Substances.// | <wrap #ref26/> 26. OSPAR Commission. (2007). //OSPAR Strategy for Hazardous Substances.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref27 /> 27 World Health Organization (WHO). (1993). //Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls (Second Edition).// Environmental Health Criteria 140. | <wrap #ref27/> 27. World Health Organization (WHO). (1993). //Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls (Second Edition).// Environmental Health Criteria 140. |
| |
| <wrap #ref28 /> 28 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2010). Scientific Opinion on the risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. //EFSA Journal, 8//(7), 1640. | <wrap #ref28/> 28. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2010). Scientific Opinion on the risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. //EFSA Journal, 8//(7), 1640. |
| |
| <wrap #ref29 /> 29 Hutzinger, O., Safe, S., & Zitko, V. (1974). //The chemistry of PCBs.// CRC Press. | <wrap #ref29/> 29. Hutzinger, O., Safe, S., & Zitko, V. (1974). //The chemistry of PCBs.// CRC Press. |
| |
| <wrap #ref30 /> 30 Van de Vijver, K. I., De Coen, W., & Blust, R. (2003). Biomarkers of PCB contamination in marine mammals: a review. //Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22//(8), 1753-1763. | <wrap #ref30/> 30. Van de Vijver, K. I., De Coen, W., & Blust, R. (2003). Biomarkers of PCB contamination in marine mammals: a review. //Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22//(8), 1753-1763. |
| |
| <wrap #ref31 /> 31 Jepson, P. D., Deaville, R., Barber, J. L., Kuiken, T., Bennett, P. M., Pugh, K., ... & Law, R. J. (2016). Cetacean mortality events in the UK: a 25-year review. //Environmental Pollution, 212//, 381-391. | <wrap #ref31/> 31. Jepson, P. D., Deaville, R., Barber, J. L., Kuiken, T., Bennett, P. M., Pugh, K., ... & Law, R. J. (2016). Cetacean mortality events in the UK: a 25-year review. //Environmental Pollution, 212//, 381-391. |
| |
| <wrap #ref32 /> 32 Cornelissen, G., & Gustafsson, Ö. (2005). Sorption of organic compounds in the environment: a review. //Environmental Science & Technology, 39//(18), 6903-6916. | <wrap #ref32/> 32. Cornelissen, G., & Gustafsson, Ö. (2005). Sorption of organic compounds in the environment: a review. //Environmental Science & Technology, 39//(18), 6903-6916. |
| |
| <wrap #ref33 /> 33 Geyer, H. J., Scheunert, I., & Korte, F. (1986). Bioconcentration potential of organic environmental chemicals in fish. //Chemosphere, 15//(8), 1017-1025. | <wrap #ref33/> 33. Geyer, H. J., Scheunert, I., & Korte, F. (1986). Bioconcentration potential of organic environmental chemicals in fish. //Chemosphere, 15//(8), 1017-1025. |
| |
| <wrap #ref34 /> 34 Kasozi, G. N., Okwakol, M. J., & Kiremire, B. T. (2010). Levels of PCBs in sediments and fish from Lake Victoria, Uganda. //Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 84//(1), 10-14. | <wrap #ref34/> 34. Kasozi, G. N., Okwakol, M. J., & Kiremire, B. T. (2010). Levels of PCBs in sediments and fish from Lake Victoria, Uganda. //Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 84//(1), 10-14. |
| |
| <wrap #ref35 /> 35 Schwarzenbach, R. P., Gschwend, P. M., & Imboden, R. P. (2003). //Environmental Organic Chemistry.// John Wiley & Sons. | <wrap #ref35/> 35. Schwarzenbach, R. P., Gschwend, P. M., & Imboden, R. P. (2003). //Environmental Organic Chemistry.// John Wiley & Sons. |
| |
| <wrap #ref36 /> 36 Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2021). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2019: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// | <wrap #ref36/> 36. Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2021). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2019: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref37 /> 37 Law, R. J., Barry, J., & Baker, J. (2006). PCBs in marine mammals from UK waters: a review. //Science of The Total Environment, 362//(1-3), 1-14. | <wrap #ref37/> 37. Law, R. J., Barry, J., & Baker, J. (2006). PCBs in marine mammals from UK waters: a review. //Science of The Total Environment, 362//(1-3), 1-14. |
| |
| <wrap #ref38 /> 38 Reijnders, P. J. H. (1986). Reproductive failure in common seals feeding on fish from polluted coastal waters. //Nature, 324//(6096), 456-457. | <wrap #ref38/> 38. Reijnders, P. J. H. (1986). Reproductive failure in common seals feeding on fish from polluted coastal waters. //Nature, 324//(6096), 456-457. |
| |
| <wrap #ref39 /> 39 Kiremire, B. T., & Kasozi, G. N. (2010). PCBs in fish and fish parasites from Lake Victoria, Uganda. //Environmental Pollution, 158//(3), 743-747. | <wrap #ref39/> 39. Kiremire, B. T., & Kasozi, G. N. (2010). PCBs in fish and fish parasites from Lake Victoria, Uganda. //Environmental Pollution, 158//(3), 743-747. |
| |
| <wrap #ref40 /> 40 Hoekstra, P. F., O'Brien, J. M., & Solomon, K. R. (2003). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PCBs in the food web of Lake Ontario. //Environmental Science & Technology, 37//(10), 2217-2223. | <wrap #ref40/> 40. Hoekstra, P. F., O'Brien, J. J., & Solomon, K. R. (2003). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PCBs in the food web of Lake Ontario. //Environmental Science & Technology, 37//(10), 2217-2223. |
| |
| <wrap #ref41 /> 41 Law, R. J., & de Boer, J. (2000). Time trends of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in marine mammals from European waters. //Environmental Pollution, 108//(2), 163-172. | <wrap #ref41/> 41. Law, R. J., & de Boer, J. (2000). Time trends of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in marine mammals from European waters. //Environmental Pollution, 108//(2), 163-172. |
| |
| <wrap #ref42 /> 42 Longnecker, M. P., Rogan, W. J., & Lucier, G. (1997). The human health effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health. //Annual Review of Public Health, 18//(1), 75-92. | <wrap #ref42/> 42. Longnecker, M. P., Rogan, W. J., & Lucier, G. (1997). The human health effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health. //Annual Review of Public Health, 18//(1), 75-92. |
| |
| <wrap #ref43 /> 43 Gobas, F. A. P. C., & Morrison, H. A. (2000). Bioconcentration and biomagnification of organic chemicals in aquatic food chains. //Environmental Science & Technology, 34//(7), 1289-1297. | <wrap #ref43/> 43. Gobas, F. A. P. C., & Morrison, H. A. (2000). Bioconcentration and biomagnification of organic chemicals in aquatic food chains. //Environmental Science & Technology, 34//(7), 1289-1297. |
| |
| <wrap #ref44 /> 44 Borrell, A., & Aguilar, A. (1990). Organochlorine and heavy metal pollutants in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Ebro Delta, Spain. //Marine Pollution Bulletin, 21//(1), 49-52. | <wrap #ref44/> 44. Borrell, A., & Aguilar, A. (1990). Organochlorine and heavy metal pollutants in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Ebro Delta, Spain. //Marine Pollution Bulletin, 21//(1), 49-52. |
| |
| <wrap #ref45 /> 45 Newman, M. C. (2009). //Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology (3rd ed.).// CRC Press. | <wrap #ref45/> 45. Newman, M. C. (2009). //Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology (3rd ed.).// CRC Press. |
| |
| <wrap #ref46 /> 46 Desforges, J. P., Hall, A., & McConnell, B. (2016). Predicting the impact of PCBs on marine mammal populations. //Environmental Science & Technology, 50//(14), 7475-7484. | <wrap #ref46/> 46. Desforges, J. P., Hall, A., & McConnell, B. (2016). Predicting the impact of PCBs on marine mammal populations. //Environmental Science & Technology, 50//(14), 7475-7484. |
| |
| <wrap #ref47 /> 47 Kelly, B. C., Ikonomou, M. G., Blair, J. D., Morin, A. E., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2007). Food-web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. //Science, 317//(5835), 236-239. | <wrap #ref47/> 47. Kelly, B. C., Ikonomou, M. G., Blair, J. D., Morin, A. E., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2007). Food-web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. //Science, 317//(5835), 236-239. |
| |
| <wrap #ref48 /> 48 Campfens, J., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2004). The biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic food chains. //Environmental Science & Technology, 38//(10), 2824-2831. | <wrap #ref48/> 48. Campfens, J., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2004). The biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic food chains. //Environmental Science & Technology, 38//(10), 2824-2831. |
| |
| <wrap #ref49 /> 49 Law, R. J., Barry, J., & Barber, J. L. (2014). The current status of marine mammal contaminants in UK waters. //Marine Pollution Bulletin, 84//(1-2), 1-10. | <wrap #ref49/> 49. Law, R. J., Barry, J., & Barber, J. L. (2014). The current status of marine mammal contaminants in UK waters. //Marine Pollution Bulletin, 84//(1-2), 1-10. |
| |
| <wrap #ref50 /> 50 Fisk, A. T., Hoekstra, P. F., & Bright, D. A. (2001). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in Arctic marine food webs. //Environmental Science & Technology, 35//(21), 4059-4068. | <wrap #ref50/> 50. Fisk, A. T., Hoekstra, P. F., & Bright, D. A. (2001). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in Arctic marine food webs. //Environmental Science & Technology, 35//(21), 4059-4068. |
| |
| <wrap #ref51 /> 51 Muir, D. C. G., & Norstrom, R. J. (1992). PCBs in Arctic marine mammals: a review. //Environmental Reviews, 1//(1), 1-28. | <wrap #ref51/> 51. Muir, D. C. G., & Norstrom, R. J. (1992). PCBs in Arctic marine mammals: a review. //Environmental Reviews, 1//(1), 1-28. |
| |
| <wrap #ref52 /> 52 Banni, M., & Chouba, L. (2013). Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in marine organisms. //Environmental Chemistry Letters, 11//(2), 115-125. | <wrap #ref52/> 52. Banni, M., & Chouba, L. (2013). Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in marine organisms. //Environmental Chemistry Letters, 11//(2), 115-125. |
| |
| <wrap #ref53 /> 53 Longnecker, M. P., Rogan, W. J., & Gladen, B. C. (2002). The human health effects of DDT and PCBs revisited. //Annual Review of Public Health, 23//(1), 329-398. | <wrap #ref53/> 53. Longnecker, M. P., Rogan, W. J., & Gladen, B. C. (2002). The human health effects of DDT and PCBs revisited. //Annual Review of Public Health, 23//(1), 329-398. |
| |
| <wrap #ref54 /> 54 Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L. S., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., ... & Schrenk, D. (2006). The 2005 World Health Organization re-evaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. //Toxicological Sciences, 93//(2), 223-241. | <wrap #ref54/> 54. Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L. S., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., ... & Schrenk, D. (2006). The 2005 World Health Organization re-evaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. //Toxicological Sciences, 93//(2), 223-241. |
| |
| <wrap #ref55 /> 55 McFarland, V. A., & Clarke, J. U. (1989). Environmental processes affecting the movement of PCBs in the aquatic environment. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 81//, 1-13. | <wrap #ref55/> 55. McFarland, V. A., & Clarke, J. U. (1989). Environmental processes affecting the movement of PCBs in the aquatic environment. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 81//, 1-13. |
| |
| <wrap #ref56 /> 56 Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L. S., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., ... & Schrenk, D. (2012). Addendum to the 2005 WHO re-evaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: Update on the use of TEFs for risk assessment. //Toxicological Sciences, 128//(1), 295-298. | <wrap #ref56/> 56. Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L. S., Denison, M., De Vito, M., Farland, W., Feeley, M., ... & Schrenk, D. (2012). Addendum to the 2005 WHO re-evaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: Update on the use of TEFs for risk assessment. //Toxicological Sciences, 128//(1), 295-298. |
| |
| <wrap #ref57 /> 57 World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). //WHO/IPCS Guidance for the derivation of health-based guidance values for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.// | <wrap #ref57/> 57. World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). //WHO/IPCS Guidance for the derivation of health-based guidance values for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref58 /> 58 Safe, S. (2000). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR): a key mediator of the toxic effects of dioxins and related compounds. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 108//(Suppl 1), 7-16. | <wrap #ref58/> 58. Safe, S. (2000). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR): a key mediator of the toxic effects of dioxins and related compounds. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 108//(Suppl 1), 7-16. |
| |
| <wrap #ref59 /> 59 Hilscherová, K., & Machala, M. (2015). Dioxin-like compounds in the environment: a review. //Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 234//, 1-46. | <wrap #ref59/> 59. Hilscherová, K., & Machala, M. (2015). Dioxin-like compounds in the environment: a review. //Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 234//, 1-46. |
| |
| <wrap #ref60 /> 60 Hennig, B., Meerarani, P., & Toborek, M. (2002). PCBs and endothelial cell dysfunction. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 110//(Suppl 5), 783-788. | <wrap #ref60/> 60. Hennig, B., Meerarani, P., & Toborek, M. (2002). PCBs and endothelial cell dysfunction. //Environmental Health Perspectives, 110//(Suppl 5), 783-788. |
| |
| <wrap #ref61 /> 61 Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2018). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2016: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// | <wrap #ref61/> 61. Marine Management Organisation (MMO). (2018). //Clean Safe Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme (CSEMP) 2016: Contaminants in Fish and Shellfish.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref62 /> 62 Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., & Ma, K. C. (2006). //Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Volume II: Polychlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Biphenyls.// CRC Press. | <wrap #ref62/> 62. Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., & Ma, K. C. (2006). //Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Volume II: Polychlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Biphenyls.// CRC Press. |
| |
| <wrap #ref63 /> 63 Kannan, K., & Giesy, J. P. (2000). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the global environment: a review. //Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 166//, 1-38. | <wrap #ref63/> 63. Kannan, K., & Giesy, J. P. (2000). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the global environment: a review. //Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 166//, 1-38. |
| |
| <wrap #ref64 /> 64 OSPAR Commission. (2003). //OSPAR Recommendation 2003/1 on the Management of Dredged Material.// | <wrap #ref64/> 64. OSPAR Commission. (2003). //OSPAR Recommendation 2003/1 on the Management of Dredged Material.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref65 /> 65 Ritter, R., Scheringer, M., & MacLeod, M. (2011). Human elimination half-lives of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): a review. //Environmental Science & Technology, 45//(12), 5092-5099. | <wrap #ref65/> 65. Ritter, R., Scheringer, M., & MacLeod, M. (2011). Human elimination half-lives of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): a review. //Environmental Science & Technology, 45//(12), 5092-5099. |
| |
| <wrap #ref66 /> 66 Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2006). A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) relationships for organic chemicals in aquatic systems. //Environmental Reviews, 14//(1), 257-297. | <wrap #ref66/> 66. Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2006). A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) relationships for organic chemicals in aquatic systems. //Environmental Reviews, 14//(1), 257-297. |
| |
| <wrap #ref67 /> 67 Connell, D. W. (1990). //Bioaccumulation of lipophilic chemicals in aquatic organisms.// CRC Press. | <wrap #ref67/> 67. Connell, D. W. (1990). //Bioaccumulation of lipophilic chemicals in aquatic organisms.// CRC Press. |
| |
| <wrap #ref68 /> 68 Sijm, D. T. H. M., & van den Berg, M. (1995). Bioavailability of PCBs to fish. //Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14//(11), 1989-1996. | <wrap #ref68/> 68. Sijm, D. T. H. M., & van den Berg, M. (1995). Bioavailability of PCBs to fish. //Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14//(11), 1989-1996. |
| |
| <wrap #ref69 /> 69 Escher, B. I., & Schwarzenbach, R. P. (2002). Mechanistic models for the uptake of organic chemicals by aquatic organisms. //Environmental Science & Technology, 36//(19), 4220-4228. | <wrap #ref69/> 69. Escher, B. I., & Schwarzenbach, R. P. (2002). Mechanistic models for the uptake of organic chemicals by aquatic organisms. //Environmental Science & Technology, 36//(19), 4220-4228. |
| |
| <wrap #ref70 /> 70 Breivik, K., & Wania, F. (2002). Mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment: a review. //Environmental Science & Technology, 36//(11), 2383-2391. | <wrap #ref70/> 70. Breivik, K., & Wania, F. (2002). Mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment: a review. //Environmental Science & Technology, 36//(11), 2383-2391. |
| |
| <wrap #ref71 /> 71 OSPAR Commission. (2012). //OSPAR Assessment of Climate Change in the OSPAR Maritime Area.// | <wrap #ref71/> 71. OSPAR Commission. (2012). //OSPAR Assessment of Climate Change in the OSPAR Maritime Area.// |
| |
| <wrap #ref72 /> 72 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2018). Scientific Opinion on the update of the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food. //EFSA Journal, 16//(12), 5489. | <wrap #ref72/> 72. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2018). Scientific Opinion on the update of the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food. //EFSA Journal, 16//(12), 5489. |
| |
| <wrap #ref73 /> 73 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2003). //Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 2: Risk Assessment and Fish Consumption Limits (3rd ed.).// | <wrap #ref73/> 73. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2003). //Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 2: Risk Assessment and Fish Consumption Limits (3rd ed.).// |
