gemini_-_pcbs_lists
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| | CB138 | 6.83 | Low | High Log Kow, strong adsorption to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[# | | CB138 | 6.83 | Low | High Log Kow, strong adsorption to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[# | ||
| | CB118 | 6.74 | Moderate-Low | Moderate Log Kow, tendency to partition to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[# | | CB118 | 6.74 | Moderate-Low | Moderate Log Kow, tendency to partition to sediment; primarily dietary uptake [[# | ||
| - | | CB101 | 6.38 | Moderate | Lower Log Kow compared to heavier congeners, relatively higher water solubility; uptake via partitioning from air/water into food chains [[# | + | | CB101 | 6.38 | Moderate | Lower Log Kow compared to heavier congeners, relatively higher water solubility; uptake via partitioning from air/water into food chains [[# |
| | CB52 | 5.84 | High | Lower Log Kow, relatively higher water solubility; higher bioaccessibility from sediment than CB153; can be taken up by small organisms [[# | | CB52 | 5.84 | High | Lower Log Kow, relatively higher water solubility; higher bioaccessibility from sediment than CB153; can be taken up by small organisms [[# | ||
| | CB28 | 5.67 | Highest | Lowest Log Kow, highest water solubility among the monitored congeners; implied high bioavailability to green algae [[# | | CB28 | 5.67 | Highest | Lowest Log Kow, highest water solubility among the monitored congeners; implied high bioavailability to green algae [[# | ||
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| Based on the comprehensive assessment of the MMO-monitored PCB congeners and their environmental behavior, the following recommendations are put forth to enhance marine management strategies: | Based on the comprehensive assessment of the MMO-monitored PCB congeners and their environmental behavior, the following recommendations are put forth to enhance marine management strategies: | ||
| - | Targeted Monitoring and Research: | + | |
| - | Continue and enhance congener-specific monitoring, particularly for CB118, given its persistent exceedance of Environmental Assessment Criteria (EACs) and high toxicity. This targeted approach is crucial for accurately assessing and mitigating ecological risk.[[# | + | |
| - | Prioritize monitoring efforts in identified " | + | |
| - | Expand biomonitoring to encompass a wider range of trophic levels, with a particular focus on long-lived top predators like marine mammals and large fish, which accumulate the highest concentrations of PCBs due to biomagnification.[[# | + | |
| - | Conduct further research into the long-term bioavailability of PCBs from aged marine sediments and assess the potential for their remobilization due to environmental disturbances (e.g., climate change impacts on ocean currents, increased storm activity) or human activities like dredging.[[# | + | |
| - | Investigate the combined toxicological effects of PCB mixtures and other co-contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in marine organisms, as real-world exposure scenarios involve complex chemical cocktails.[[# | + | |
| - | Policy and Management Considerations: | + | |
| - | Reinforce and accelerate global efforts to identify and safely dispose of remaining PCB stockpiles and contaminated equipment, ensuring adherence to the targets set by the Stockholm Convention. The current pace of elimination is insufficient to meet established deadlines.[[# | + | |
| - | Implement stricter controls and develop effective remediation strategies for known land-based sources, including landfills located near water bodies and e-waste recycling sites, to prevent further leaching of PCBs into marine environments.[[# | + | |
| - | Develop and disseminate clear public health advisories regarding the consumption of locally caught fish and shellfish from contaminated areas, ensuring these advisories consider congener-specific risks and the biomagnification potential in different species.[[# | + | |
| - | Advocate for enhanced international cooperation and information sharing on PCB monitoring data and best practices for management, recognizing the transboundary nature of these persistent pollutants.[[# | + | |
| - | Ensure that environmental policies and regulations, | + | |
| ===== 6. Conclusion ===== | ===== 6. Conclusion ===== | ||
| Line 190: | Line 190: | ||
| Among the seven PCB congeners routinely monitored by the Marine Management Organisation (CB28, CB52, CB101, CB118, CB138, CB153, CB180), a nuanced understanding of their properties is essential for effective management: | Among the seven PCB congeners routinely monitored by the Marine Management Organisation (CB28, CB52, CB101, CB118, CB138, CB153, CB180), a nuanced understanding of their properties is essential for effective management: | ||
| - | Toxicity: CB118 stands out as the most toxic due to its dioxin-like properties, consistently exceeding environmental targets in some areas. Other non-dioxin-like congeners, such as CB28 and CB153, also exhibit specific toxic effects, although their overall potency is generally lower than that of dioxin-like PCBs. | + | |
| - | Persistence: | + | |
| - | Bioaccumulation Potential: This property correlates directly with the octanol-water partition coefficient (Log Kow), which increases with chlorination. Consequently, | + | |
| - | Bioavailability: | + | |
| - | Natural Abundance: All PCBs are purely synthetic compounds, meaning their natural abundance is zero. Any detection in the environment is a direct indicator of anthropogenic contamination. | + | |
| Despite the global bans enacted decades ago, the " | Despite the global bans enacted decades ago, the " | ||
| Line 204: | Line 204: | ||
| ===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
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| - | <wrap #ref72 /> 72 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2018). Scientific Opinion on the update of the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food. //EFSA Journal, 16//(12), 5489. | + | <wrap #ref72/> 72. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2018). Scientific Opinion on the update of the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food. //EFSA Journal, 16//(12), 5489. |
| - | <wrap #ref73 /> 73 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2003). //Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 2: Risk Assessment and Fish Consumption Limits (3rd ed.).// | + | <wrap #ref73/> 73. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2003). //Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, Volume 2: Risk Assessment and Fish Consumption Limits (3rd ed.).// |
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